History repeats itself, and once again the Iraqis have set fire to oil wells. Shortly after the Gulf War I read an article about Red Adair, a gentleman involved in extinguishing those fires. I couldn't find the article, but I'll summarize as best I can.
Oil wells burn at a incredibly high temperature and typically have an endless supply of fuel. Water is basically useless by itself. In order to fight these fires, engineers use water to cool the fire down and then use a series of explosives to cut off the fire's air supply (remember, fires need oxygen to burn). It's like blowing out a candle. Once the fire is extinguished, the well needs to be capped in order to protect against further environmental damage as well as waste.
The whole process is extremely involved. The wells are in the middle of the desert, requiring pipelines to be built that can pump in seawater for firefighting purposes. The smoke can be extremely toxic and deadly, and due to the extreme heat the fires are hard to get next to. Many skills are needed, requiring teams of experts to be flown in. At the same time, the oil fields are basically a warzone. After the Gulf War, one of the biggest hurdles was cleaning up booby-traps and munitions left over from the battles fought there so that the environment would be safer to work in.
Since the Bush Administration is counting on oil money to help subsidize the rebuilding of Iraq as well as to help lower fuel prices thereby kickstarting the American economy, it is extreemly important that the fires be dealt with quickly and efficiently.
For more info, see the following links:
- Boots and Coots Group: One of the four major participants (the others were Red Adair, Safety Boss, and Wild Well Control, Inc.) in extinguishing the Gulf War oil fires. They specialize in preventing these types of disasters, but also have a task force to deal with emergency situations. If you think you'd like to buy their stock, though, you'd better think again as before the war they were filing bankruptcy.
- OSHA on Oil Well Safety: OSHA has numerous guidlines to help ensure the safety of personnel working in the oil fields. The information here gives a good understanding of how dangerous this is on a normal day, as well as what equipment is used and how it works.
- Fighting Oil Well Fires: Part of the Gulf War Illness site, this page gives a good summary of the oil well firefighting efforts. The toxicity of the smoke from these fires is believed to be the cause of some of the illnesses found among Allied Veterans of the Gulf War.
- The Language of Drilling: An oil well blowout is when oil is forcefully ejected from the well due to differences in pressure. During normal drilling, mud is forced into the well to help counterbalance these forces. This dictionary (in word) has very basic explanations of many other terms related to oil drilling.
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